CULTURAL TRIANGLE

You will be spoiled for choice when drawing up a list of must- do activities in Sri Lanka’s culture triangle.

The culture triangle draws travellers to Sri Lanka like no other region to gaze upon the ruined cities of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, to clamber to the summit of Mount Sigiriya, once the fortress of a mad Kandyan king or walk up the steep steps to the cave temple at Dambulla.

As you explore Sri Lanka’s shimmering central plains, a region where great reservoir lie in a region of light, scrub jungle, lesser sites also jostle for your attention. There are even several game parks on your doorstep- Minneriya is the most convenient- where you can watch herds of elephants in natural surroundings.

The top hostels in the cultural Triangle are so appealing that when other tourists depart for the day you may decide simply to bask by the pool in beautiful rural surroundings. Just you and your loved ones, an occasional monkey and an array of bird life. Or take advantage of the many wellness treatments and yoga classes on offer.

When you seek things to do, Royal Road To Sri Lanka can offer exclusive experience in Sri Lanka’s cultural Triangle to make your holiday that little bit better.

The most intrepid travelers to Sri Lanka can take a hot air balloon trip across the arid plains and jungle landscapes of the cultural Triangle shortly after sunrise and gaze upon the wonders below.

The ruins of Anuradhapura and polonnaruwa are quite expensive so why not explore these ancient civilizations by bicycle- it will help to keep the children happy. In face , if you just want to cycle gentle along peaceful, flat- roads by ancient reservoirs, the cultural Triangle is the place to be.

At a time when the region is more popular than ever, we can help you discover quiet places to go i the cultural Triangle to escape the main tourist trail.

Hidden in forest close to kandalama , the ruined Buddhist monastery of kaludiya pokunaw- not to be confused with its namesake near Mihintale- dates back more than 1,200 years and is a haven for bird life. Or you can take a wooded walk up the steps if Ritigala where again other tourists will be in short supply. Strike out for Yapahuw or admire the giant Buddha of Aukana – all of them excuses to get onto some of the charming by- roads that litter this region.

And don’t forget mihintalae itself, a land of stupas , shrines and caves, where Buddhism originated on the island. It is especially inspiring on a Full Moon day when hundreds of people congregate in silent prayer.

Located in Matale, town which lies 25km from Kandy en route to the Cultural Triangle, the ancient Aluvihara Cave Temple is of great singnificance in the history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. It was here that the teachings of Buddha – the Triptaka- were committed to writing for the first time , in the century AD . There is a cave dedicated to the venerable Buddhagosa, the monk who spent several years in this cave documenting the doctrines of the Buddha in Pali. The language of these Buddhist scriptures (pali) influenced the development of the Sinhala language. The temple consists of large caves decorated with images of Lord Buddha and frescoes sumitro those of Dambulla Cave Temple.

Anuradhapura was Sri Lanka’s first civilisation and the center- point of the island’s greatest kingdoms, acting as the Royal Capital for over 100 kings between the 2nd century BC And 1073 AD . At it’s height, Anuradhapura was home to thousand of monks from dozens of different monasteries, and it remains Sri Lankan’s most important cultural site , both in terms of history and religion.

Founded in the 4th century by minister called Anuradha, it became the capital of Sri Lanka two centuries later and would grow to become an extensive complex of monasteries, temples, buildings and bathing pools, all connected by an astonishingly complex irrigation system which was put in place due to the some of the Buddhist teachings which arrived in Sri Lanka at around this time. The ruins are remarkably well-preserved, and include towering dagobas which, when first built, were some of the largest man- made structures in the world, the Maha Viharaya ( the first monastery) which served as the seat of Theravada Buddhism , the thuparamaya ( built by King Devanam Piyathissa in 250 BC) and the Ruwanwelisaya are the other ruins of particular historical interest found at this sit.

Anuradhapura Is also home to a sacred, ancient Bo tree , which originally came from a branch of the Bo tree in Buddha Gaya- the tree under which Lord Buddha sat and gained enlightenment. This was brought to Sri Lanka in 288 BC by Princess Sagamiita, the daughter of Emperor Asoka of India.

Anuradhapura can be explored on foot or by bike . The sprawling ruins extend over a few kilometers, so Royal Road To Sri Lanka recommends cycling if you want to see Anuradhapura in its glorious entirety. We offer a guided cycling tour of Anuradhapura, led by a local guide who is highly- knowledgeable about Buddhism and Sri Lankan’s ancient history, which covers the sites most awe- inspiring relics and ends with a scenic picnic by a lake. The trails fairly flat and are not strenuous even children will love exploring this fascinating cultural site by bike.

One of Sri Lanka’s most perfect and elegant statues, the Aukana Buddha lies to the west of the large kalawewa tank near Anuradhapura.the creation of both the temple and the tank ( reservoir) is attributed to king Dhatusena in the 5th century. The statue stand 12m- high and is completely free – standing, carved from a single rock . It is an example of the abhayamudra Buddha, showing superhuman qualities: the right-handed gesture, raised to the right shoulder with the palm spread, signifies lack of fear. The left hands position draws the worshipper to Buddha for release from their earthly bonds. The Aukana Buddha can be easily be combined with a visit to the ancient monastery site of sasseruwa. It only takes a maximum of 45 minutes to visit the site and the nearby kala wows tank is an excellent place to stop off and have a picnic in scenic surroundings.

Dambulla Cave Temple first came to be of great significance when it was used as a refuge for king Valagambaha in 1st century BC. Concerned here by the local monks upon returning from exile to his throne at Anuradhapura, Valagambaha showed his gratitude by building a magnificent cave temple for them , which consists of a complex of Buddhist image houses, its rock ceiling is one large sweep of colorful frescoes, some of which date back over 2,000 years, which depict Buddhist mythology, and the tales of the Buddha’s previous births. This cave temple has the largest number of Buddha statues all house in one place , including a colossal, 14 meter-long figure of the recumbent Buddha carved out of the rock. Dambulla Cave Temple is now one of the most popular religious cultural sites in Sri Lanka, attracting tourists from across the globe.

Historically recorded as the birthplace of Buddhism in Sri Lanka , mihintale is commonly believed bybSri Lankan’s to be the meeting place of Buddhist monk Mahinda , son of Emperor Ashoka of India, and king Devanampiyatissa in the 3rd century BC , mahinda preached the doctrine of Lord Buddha to the King and his people on the full moon day in June (Poson) , which remains a special holiday in Sri Lanka and also led to all poya (full moon) days becoming holy days for Sri Lankan Buddhist- tourists should note that meat and alcohol are not served in the island on poya days. This meeting was the beginning of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Which quickly became a core part Sinhalese culture , something that is evident in all the island’s ancient cultural sites, such as and

Mihintalaya is now a key pilgrimage site for Sri Lanka Buddhists, and is home to several majestic religious monuments including a magnificent 40ft stupa which dates back to the 1st century BC. After a short and non strenuous climb of 15-20 minutes, you can explore mihinthale’s ancient ruins at your leisure it remains relatively non- tourist compared to some of the other sites in this area. We recommend doing the climb in the early morning or the late afternoon- it is a beautiful place to see at sunset. You must dress respectfully ( with your elbows and knees covered) and may be required to remove tour shoes at certain points.

You can visit site independently, with your chauffeur-guide or with our specialist guide, who is highly – knowledgeable about Buddhism and Sri Lanka’s ancient history. The full guided tour of Mihintale takes approximately three hours and includes some refreshments overlooking a picturesque lake.

Kaludiya pokuna forest near Kandalama- not to be confused with the ‘ kaludiya Pokuna ‘ close to mihinthale – is a beautiful place for a nature trek in itself, quite apart from the ancient ruins which hide beneath the forest canopy. Those seeking some peace and quiet after exploring the popular cultural Triangle sites will love this little- known adventure into the wilderness and the utter sense of tranquility it brings and keen birdwatchers will delight in the wide variety of birds that can be seen flitting through the trees.

Accompanied by a naturalist , take a Jeep to the edge of the forest and then continue your journey on foot, following a footpath lined by wild grass . As you move deeper into the forest, watch out for interesting tropical flora and the endemic and migrant birds that live in the forest, which your naturalist will help you identify. This trek culminates in your arrival at the ancient ruins, a 1,200- years old Buddhist monastery. The dagoba is still standing, along with a collection of strange, striking rocks jutting out of the earth, and there is a cave nearby which carries an inscription of medieval text, though to have been written to mark the presence of treasure.

Sri Lanka’s royal medieval capital in 1073, the well- preserved ruins of Polonnaruwa are one it the country’s most prominent cultural sites. First a military base for invading South Indian chola tribes until king Vijayabahu overthrew them in 1070, Polonnaruwa was subsequently developed into a city by king parKramabahu I and it became the country’s capital city until the late 13th century.

The ancient city is in remarkable good nick and is a fascinating cultural site to visit, home to ruins of a palace, an enormous dagoba, stunning statues and a striking building which has such unusual architecture that it is still unexplained by historians today. Some of the most impressive ruins are the sculptures at the Gal Viharaya, which were cut into granite stone in the middle of the 12 th century, the entire sculpture consists of four colossal statues of Buddha- a samadhi image in meditation posture, a seated Buddha image inside a cave,a starting Buddha image which is 23 ft in height, and recumbent Buddha image measuring 46ft which depicts the passing away.

Sigiriya a UNESCO world Heritage site, is one of the most dramatic, inspiring and beautiful historical locations in the world. Sigiriya is a Fortress- please which was built atop a towering rock in the 5 th century, and a mythical past of feuding. Legend has it that king kasyapa murdered his father, despite the fact that he was not the direct heir – his mother was one of Dhatusena’s concubines. After killing the king, kasyapa was fearful that his half-brother, prince Moggallana, would return from exile in India and rightfully claim his crown . This fear drove him to build the majestic Sigiriya Rock Fortress, protected not only by the rock’s height and sheer sides, but also by stone barracks filled with soldiers and a crocodile- infested moat. He also developed an extensive, incredibly advanced system which allowed water to move between the top and the bottom of the rock, not only to ensure that he and his family had water to drink, but also to fill the beautiful water gardens which he created at the foot of the rock.

Moggallana did return, as kasyapa had feared, to find Sigiriya in its full- glory and kasyapa’s army waitin for him . However, despite building what he thought to be an impenetrable stronghold, kasyapa was defeated in battle and abandoned by his army, he killed himself and left his half-brother to regain from his Fortress palace paradise. What remains today are the ruins of the palace- including the giant paws of a great lion statue which once marked the entrance- evidence of the water gardens and barracks, stairs carved from the rock and beautiful cave paintings. Worthy of being called the “8th wonder of the world “, Sigiriya is Sri Lankan’s answer to the Taj Mahal and will astonish anyone with its outstandingly beautiful views, staggering engineering and peerless design.

Pidurangala is an enormous rock located a few kilometers north of Sigiriya. The two rocks have an interlinked History. Whilst king kasyapa was building Sigiriya Rock Fortress in the 5th century, he moved monks living around Sigiriya to a new monastery on pidurangala Rock. An ancient cave temple still houses objects from various vintages that reflect Buddhist, Hindu and western beliefs, and the stupa to the left of the temple entrance is believed to mark the spot where king kasyapa was cremated. Pidurangala is a more challenging climb than Sigiriya, so should not be attempted by those with poor physical fitness. There is no clear path to the top: steep , uneven steps give way to an expanse of boulders and crevices that climbers must navigate in order to reach the summit. From the top, there are glorious vistas of the surrounding landscape and an incredible view of the majestic Sigiriya Rock.

After the fall of the great city of Polonnaruwa, the Kandyan kings fled to a succession of inaccessible crags, bearing with them the sacred tooth relic of the Buddha. One of them was yapahuwa, a huge, yet little visited Rock Fortress a little way off the kurunegala Anuradhapura road which is one of the great architecture sites of the island. This early – 13th century stronghold, developed by king Bhuvanakabahu I , is reminiscent of Sigiriya: a massive granite outcrop, set in a shady location, rises100m above the plains below and is home to ruins of a palace and temple ( which housed the famous tooth relic for 11 years).

After Yapahuwa was abandoned, Buddhist monks took it over and they still remain here today. Highlights of the site include the steep steps, elaborately adorned by statues of lions in an unusual design, modern temple complex and the breathtaking views from the top. Yapahuwa is worthy of a visit as it relatively quick to see, interesting and beautiful. Although not as significant as site such as Polonnaruwa, Anuradhapura and Sigiriya, it does have a special individual charm and is a fantastic pit- stop between Kandy and the cultural Triangle.

The Ritigala Buddhist Monastery, Hidden deep inside the Ritigala strict Nature Reserve, can be easily accessed from Anuradhapura, found just off the Anuradhapura- Habarana Road .Dating back to the time of the ancient Sinhalese kingdom of Anuradhapura, Ritigala was once s sprawling monastic complex , abandoned in the 10 th and 11th centuries Following a series of invasions from India . Today , some ruins of the monastery still stand wander through the forest along old paths , painstakingly made using large stone slabs , and lose yourself in the tranquil atmosphere of this beautiful environment as you explore the various relics which remain. Nature enthusiasts will be fascinated by the diverse range of flora and fauna here some of which is completely unique to this area.

Whilst you can explore Ritigala on your own, we recommend going with a guide so that get the most out of this entrancing historical site.our host is highly-knowledgeable about Buddhism and Sri Lankan’s ancient history, and will bring Ritigala to life his stories, giving you a glimpse of the thriving monastery it once was- a place for teaching, meditation and a home for a large monastic community who chose to give up worldly pleasures and devote themselves to a simple way of life.

Quite apart from the incredible ruins of this medieval city, Polonnaruwa is home to a large monkey population who were famously featured in Disney’s engaging documentary film ‘Monkey Kingdom ‘ Polonnaruwa is a gloriously majestic backdrop for this experience, which allows you to closely observe the three diurnal primates of Sri Lanka: grey langur , purple- faced leaf monkey and toque macaque. Although these creatures can be seen in various parts of the island, this is one of the best places for travelers to get up close and personal with the monkey of Sri Lanka.

This beloved monkey population are protected by the smithsonian primate Research center , who have been conducting research into construction here for over 50 years. Your guided walk around the ruins will be led by one of their researchers, who will explain the social behavior of the different species and the various challenges of their conservation as you observe them. This experience beings at 6.30am, when Polonnaruwa is not busy with tourists and when the climate is still cool enough to walk around are active in this area. Please bring your passport or a copy of your passport for this activity.

Wasgamuwa National Park is located between the central and North central provinces, 39,000 hectares of riverine and dry evergreen forests, grasslands and wetlands which are home to numerous animals including sloth bear, sambar, spotted and barking deer, wild boar, purple- faced leaf monkey and 143 species of bird. Wasgamuwa is famous for the elephants which frequent the mahaweli River which ruins along one of the boundaries of the park, and its canals and water- ways which run down from the 470 metre – high ‘sudu kande’ nearby. There are also archaeological ruins of ancient settlements within the park, the most important of which is Buduruwayaya, which is comprised of ruins of Buddha statues which are estimated to be over 1,800 years old and buildings which date back to the Polonnaruwa period.

Wasgamuwa was closed to visitors until 1948, when it was changed from a strict Nature Reserve to a National Park. As a relatively ‘new park ‘ the animals are still not used to people and so your encounters can be very memorable! Elephants are the main attraction of this park- there are over 150 here and they are particularly large in size due to their varied diet. Other mammals inhabiting this park include leopard, sloth bear, golden jackal, wild boar, wild buffalo, black naped hare, sambar , spotted and barking deer, fishing cat, rusty-spotted cat and primates including the grey langur , the endemic toque macaque and purple- faced leaf monkey and the nocturnal grey slender loris.

Wasgamuwa is also excellent for birdwatching, Nearly 150 species of birds can be seen in the park, including migrants, forest birds, water birds and waders. Some of the highlights include the endemic species red faced malkoha, Sri Lanka jungle fowl, Sri Lanka spur fowl, Sri Lanka Green pigeon, Sri Lanka brown- capped babbler, crimson flamack, Sri Lanka grey hornbill and yellow-fronted barbet . Other species including the globally endangered lesser adjutant and painted storks, black- headed ibis, and grey- headed fish eagle. Wasgamuwa is also a very good location to see the the elusive spot-bellied eagle owl, also know as the Devil Bird” other forest birds include little green bee-eater, blue-tailed bee- eater ,common iora , black- headed cuckoo shrike, brown shrike, black- headed munias, Indian pitta, forest wagtail, yello wagtail, orange-headed ground thrush, jungle prinia, ashy prinia, white-rumpled shams, malabar – pied hornbill and the chestnut- headed bee- eater.

Other animals which can be seen at wasgamuwa are various species of butterflies including the rare five- bar swordtail and colourful banded peacock, common jezebel, blue Mormon and common bird wing and land monitors. If you are lucky you many also see the Indian python crossing in front of the Jeep tracks in the early morning.

States In Brief

Stratification : moist monsoon forest and dry monsoon forest

Size : 31,649ha

Status: National Park

Altitude: 60-470m

Temperature: Average 27 ( degree c)

Annual Rainfall: Average 1,750mm to 2,250mm

Best time of Year to visit: February to September

Optimum duration of stay: 2 night up to 4 nights

Accommodation Options: Dunvilla cottage, Willy’s safari, Mahoora standard & luxury camping

Highlights: sloth Bear, Asian Elephants, Leopard and many species of birds

Overview

Wasgamuwa was closed to visitors till 1948 when it was changed from a strict Natural Reserve to a National Park. Being a relative ‘new’ park the animals are not very used to seeing people and your encounters can be very memorable! Climatic conditions here are typical of the Dry Zone and largely influenced by the North-East monsoon from October To January.

The most important cultural site within the park is the BudhuruwYaya in the southwest corner of the park near the Amban & kalu Rivers . These ruins are estimated to be over 1800 years old and feature a Buddha reclining with stone pillars. There are also many other smaller ruins of Buddha statues and buildings dating back to the Polonnaruwa period.

Flora & Fauna Of Wasgamuwa

Wasgamuwa National Park is situated mainly within the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka and extends to the intermediate zone of the island resulting in a varied combination of vegetation. Tropical dry mixed evergreen forest predominates with trees such as weera ( Drypetes sepiaria) Ehala ( c. Fistula) , Paul ( Manilkara chloroxylon), Satinwood ( chloroxylon swietenia), Milla ( vitex pinnata), and Ebony ( Diospytos ebenum) . Dense forests cover the hilly ridges and well-developed forests occupy the banks of the major rivers that run through the park: these riverine forests are dominated by kumbuk trees ( Terminalia Arjuna) .some areas of the park also have extensive plains dominated by the Grass illuk.

23 species of Mammals, 143 species of birds, 35 species of Reptiles, 15 species of Amphibians, 17 species of Fish and 52 species of Butterflies have been recorded at wasgamuwa.

Mammals

Elephants are the main attraction of this park with over 150 Elephants inhabiting the park. These elephants seem to be much larger in size than the ones you will see in uda walawe. This is mainly due to the lush vegetation within wasgamuwa that provides their varied diet. These Elephants are also known for their aggressive behavior when confronted by humans. Since this park was only open to the public a few years back, the animals are much more unpredictable. Other mammals inhabiting this National Park include Leopard, sloth Bear, Golden jackal , wild Boar, wild Boffalo, Black-naped Hare, sambar, spotted Deer, Barking Deer, Fishing cat, Rusty- spotted cat. Primates include the Grey Langer , the endemic Toque Monkey, purple-faced leaf monkey and the nocturnal primate the Grey slender Loris.

Birds

Wasgamuwa is also excellent for bird watching. Nearly 150 species of birds can be seen in the park and this includes migrants , forest birds, water birds and waders. Some of the highlights include the endemic Red-faced malkoha in the riverine habitats. Other endemics includes the Sri Lanka jungle Fowl, Sri Lanka spur fowl, Sri Lanka Green pigeon, Sri Lanka Brown capped Babbler, crimson Flamback, Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill, yellow- fronted Barbet. Other species include the globally endangered Lesser Adjutant. Painted storks, Black- headed ibis, and Grey- headed fish Eagle.This is also a very good location to see the elusive spot-bellied Eagle Owl also known as the Devil Bird, other forest birds include Little Green Bee- eater , Blue tailed Bee-eater, common Lora, Black headed cuckoo shrike, Brown Shrike, Black- headed Munias, Indian pitta, Forest wagtail, Yellow wagtail, Orange- headed Ground Thrush, jungle prinia, Ashy prinia, white- rumped shama, malabar-pied Hornbill and the chestnut- headed Bee-eater.

Butterflies

Hours can be spent in wasgamuwa spotting the many species of Butterflies including the rare Five-bar Swordtail, Banaded peacock, common jezebel, Blue Mormon , and the common Birdwing to name a few of the more colourfull ones.

Reptiles and Amphibians

Wasgamuwa has both types of crocodiles found in Sri Lanka, the Estuarine and Mugger Crocodiles along with land monitors. If you are lucky you can also see the Indian python crossing the Jeep tracks in the early morning.

Accommodation Options

Dunvila cottage, wasgamuwa:
Situated just minutes away from the wasgamuwa National Park with its boundaries 500 meters away from the cottage, Dunvila is a rustic eco retreat. The cottage overlooks a serene lotus filled lake, lush green paddy fields, and undisturbed wilderness. The cottage is surrounded on three sides by the Dunvila Lake and has magnificent views of the wasgamuwa jungles and the knuckles and sudu kandha Ranges

Willy’s safari, Wasgamuwa:
Located just minutes from the entrance to Wasgamuwa National Park, Willy’s safari is a small budget property overlooking a lake . The hotel has basis, comfortable en-suite rooms.

Mahoora standard & luxury camping,
Wasgamuwa:
Mahoora safari camps , managed by Eco Team , one of the premier wildlife companies in the island, offers camping inside a range of national parks including wasgamuwa. Mahoora offer two grades of camping: luxury and standard and unlike the other competitors, Mahoora offers one- night stays in the Park which are useful when trying to keep down costs.but a two-day stay inside the parks is still recommended.

Situated at the center of the Cultural Triangle, Minneriya is a good alternative to the busier parks in the south and it is easy to weave in Jeep drive here between visiting the ancient sites in this area. The dry season, from June to September, is the best time to visit the 8,890 hectare Park, when the ancient tank that dominates the area dries out and the grasses and shoots push through- during this time it is possible to see herd of up to 150 elephants feeding and washing, as well as toque macaques, Sambar deer and leopards , as well as many different species of bird including flocks of cormorants and painted storks. When the large numbers of elephants come together it’s an astonishing sight and is a recognized wildlife event known as ‘ The Elephants Gathering ‘ the largest assemblage of Asian elephants in the world.

Minneriya mainly consists of tropical dry zone evergreen forest, abandoned Chena lands, grasslands and wetlands which are home to a variety of shrubs. 24 species of mammals have been recorded here, including leopards, sloth bear , spotted and sambar deer , wild buffalo, wild boar , three species of mongoose, porcupine, Indian pangolin, grey langers and purple- faced leaf monkey . There is also a large population of elephants in the park, which sometimes converge in great numbers ( up to 300) around Minneriya Tank . Nine species of amphibians have been seen in the park , among them the native red-lipped lizard, water and land monitor lizards and mugger crocodiles.

Due to its many different types of vegetation and habitat, the park is also home to over 170 species of birds, including: migrant waders such as wood and common sandpiper and Kentish plover, forest birds like the Malabar pied hornbill, Rufus woodpecker and the globally – endangered lesser adjutant , and endemic species including Sri Lanka grey hornbill, Sri Lanka green pigeon, brown- capped babbler and Sri Lanka jungle fowl. The orange breasted Green pigeon, emerald dove and green imperial pigeon can also be seen, as well as host of other migrating forest birds.

Stats in Brief

Stratification : Dry monsoon forest, tank and grass lands

Size : 2,550ha

Altitude : 100m

Temperature : Average 27.5 (Degree c)

Annual Rainfall : Average 1,150mm

Best time of year to visit : May to October for the Gathering of Elephants

Optimum duration : minimum of 1 night

Accommodation options: Deer Park , chaaya Village, Cinnamon Lodge , Heritance Kandalama, Luxury camping

Highlands : the largest known ‘ Gathering ‘ of Asian Elephants in the world occurs from May to October each year in Minneriya National Park

Overview

The core of this National Park is in an uninhabited area of the country’s most diverse natural systems, with intermediate forests, Bamboo stands , patanas and Platoes. The tank within the park supports a variety of waterfowl while being of immense socio-economic value.

Flora and Fauna of Minneriya

The vegetation of the park consists of tropical dry mixed evergreen forests, abandoned chena lands , grasslands and wetlands. Large tress seen are Paul , satin, milla, Halmilla, weera and kalumediriya. The open grasslands and old chena lands are dominated by the many species of small shrub.

Mammals

24 species of mammals have been recorded from the park. In addition to having a very large population of Elephants in the park, Minneriya also has all other big game like Leopards, sloth Bears, spotted Deer, sambar Deer, wild Buffalo, wild pig, Grey Langers, purple- faced Leaf Monkey, three species of Mongoose, porcupine and Indian pangolin.

In August and September each year during the dry season, wild elephants from the surrounding wilderness in search of food and water, makes their way to the shores of the Minneriya Lake inside the Minneriya National Park. Huge heard of elephants, sometimes numbering up to 300, converge together within a few square kilometers of the lake. This Elephants Gathering is a thrilling sight not to be missed.

Birds

Due to its different types of vegetation and habitats, both Minneriya and kaudulla National Parks have recorded over 170 species of birds. From migrating waders like Kentish plovers to Rufus woodpecker the globally endangered Lesser Adjutant and the endemics Sri Lanka Grey Horn-bill, Sri Lanka Green Pigeon, Brown-capped Babbler and Sri Lanka jungle Fowl are some of the highlights. The orange breasted Green pigeon, Emerald Dove, Green imperial pigeon and migrating forest birds can be seen.

Amphibians and Reptiles

Nine species of Amphibians have been recorded in the park among them are the endemic and endangered slender wood frog and the common tree Frog. Of the 25 species of reptiles recorded in the park 8 are endemic including the Red- lipped Lizard. Water and Land Monitors are also seen here . The Mugger crocodile can be seen near the tank. Many species of fresh water fish are found in the Minneriya and Kaudulla tanks.

Accommodation Options

Deer Park Hotel, Giritale : the Deer Park Hotel stands in the heart of the cultural Triangle overlooking an ancient reservoir at Giritale . This appealing hillside property, set within the jungle of ancient royal hunting grounds, is an ideal gateway for those wishing to visit Polonnaruwa or Minneriya National Park. The Deer Park is a true luxury eco resort, subtly enhancing the beauty of its surroundings. It has a tranquil, natural feel, with the sound of birdsong and rushing water falls.

Chaaya village Habarana:
Located in Habarana in close proximity to the famous UNESCO World Heritage sites of the cultural Triangle and Minneriya National Park, chaaya village is a 4 star hotel set on an acre of garden, and blends seamlessly into its natural surroundings amidst tall trees and tropical foliage and a vast serene lake that brings natural rights to the doorstep.

Cinnamon Lodge, Habarana:
Cinnamon Lodge is blessed with a tranquil and picturesque 27-acre woodland location next to a beautiful lake . The large gardens are filled with gigantic tropical trees and tranquil waterways all providing home to a variety of birds, grey monkeys and rock squirrels. The layout of the hotel is similar to the ancient cities of the cultural Triangle where individual abodes and central public areas, connected by meandering pathways, are set amidst tranquil surroundings with the greatest respect to nature.

Heritance Kandalama:
Heritance Kandalama snakes along a rocky outcrop on the bund of the ancient 3rd century Kandalama reservoir. The hotel is an ideal base from which to explore Sri Lanka’s ancient heritage and rich bio diversity, Hidden within the edge of the jungle, which is home to numerous species of birds, butterflies, monkeys, spotted deer and wild boar, the hotel had won numerous prestigious environmental awards for its role in nurturing Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage and natural beauty.

Royal Road To Sri Lanka offers hot Air Ballooning in the Cultural Triangle. Hot Air Ballooning is a rewarding experience made even better with the warm and friendly welcome that you receive from villagers when the balloon finally lands. Your adventure starts at dawn: soar high above Kandalama, Dambulla and Sigiriya and watch the landscape unfold beneath you, illuminated by the gentle morning light.

Your hot air balloon adventure starts early morning and will last about three and a half hours, starting with the preparation and inflation of the balloon, briefing, take off, flight ( approximately one hour)
Landing/ retrieve and the return by van.after air floating gently over breath- taking scenery. Take in the magnificent sunrise. The exact route of your flight cannot be predicted as this is dependent on the prevailing winds. A support crew and vehicle follows the flight. Upon landing, your flight will be c With champagne.

Package Details

Please contact a member of our team for details on pricing. The price includes hotel transfers, a toast of champagne at landing as well as chilled bottled water and juice, which is available on request. Children under 7 years will not be allowed to take the balloon flight and children under 16 years have to be accompanied by an adult, there are special rates available for children between the ages of 7and 12.
Pregnant women are also not allowed to take the balloon flight. The maximum capacity of the balloon is 16 people. A full refund is offered if the flight has to be cancelled due to poor weather or technical reasons.

Sri Lanka Balloon Festival

The annual Sri Lanka Balloon Festival is organized by the Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau in association with the Ceylon Airship and Balloon Club. This event attracts many participants from Europe and Asia who are treated to an extensive week- long tour of the island.

Our Ballooning Partners

Our ballooning partners operate regular commercial balloon flights from Kandalama. The pilots have a commercial license approved by the civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka. The balloons are certified and maintenance inspections are conducted annually.

The late Geoffrey Bawa , Sri Lankan’s most influential architect, was responsible for linking the ancient architecture of this island with that of the modern world. Bawa has a deep understanding and appreciation of the country’ Heritage- drawing ideas from the ancient kingdom of Anuradhapura and polonnaruwa as well as the colonial influences of the Portuguese and Dutch periods. His travels worldwide also resulted in an appreciation of the more contemporary architectural styles.

Geoffrey Bawa has a passion for the island’s varying natural landscapes, scenes that he used as the focal point around which he created his buildings. The end result was a unique architectural style that erased boundaries between the ‘ outside ‘and ‘inside ‘ of living and working spaces, with skillful positioning of the built environment to take optimum advantage of the surrounding vistas, Bawa’s architecture shows great application of natural elements: the tropical sun , ocean, breeze, lush greenery and flowing water. With these considered , Bawa makes seamless transitions of the outside environment to beautiful structures allowing comfortable and enhanced daily life. Wide courtyards, shade walkways and open verandahs feature heavily in his design. All these elements contributed to a unique architecture style- a legacy that will continue to influence, educate , and develop the creative minds of generations of Sri Lankan architects.

Bawa Gems
Geoffrey Bawa’s Personal Spaces Lunuganga:
A garden retreat that was originally an old rubber plantation that Geoffrey Bawa transformed into a haven of peace, was a life long project cherished by Bawa that he continued to develop for almost 50 years. This was a personal journey that helped to inspire his creativity.Lunuganga, opened as an extensive boutique hotel in December 2005, offers guests a rare opportunity to step inside the private life of one of the world’s most celebrated architects. After decades of careful , exquisite, creative thought and design, Bawa’s legacy and perhaps most personal life’s work is today a wondrous and inspiring place to visit and savour. With astonishing views and beautiful interiors, many original Bawa artwork and blueprints on the walls, a stay in one of Lunuganga’s six Fine suites is guaranteed to be a highlight of any holiday in Sri Lanka.

Paradise Road Gallery Cafe:
Currently one of Sri Lanka’s leading Restaurants, the Gallery cafe used to be the office of Geoffrey Bawa. His imprint remains strong courtyards with columns, ponds, walkways and open pavilions- spaces that inspired a creative genius. The premises now provide for a memorable dining experience that also serves as an art gallery that promotes the creative talents of young artists.

Hotels and Villas designed by Bawa:

Heritance Ahungalla:
An early creation of Bawa which was completed in 1981, Heritance Ahungalla is situated on the south coast just minutes away from the historic city of Galle. The hotel is approached through a long stretch of roadway off the main Galle Road, which provides for a dramatic entrance with views across the infinity pool edging the sea. The main areas on the ground as well as upper floors are designed as linked open pavilions – all with continuous views of the sea. Bawa uses his signature architectural style that erases boundaries between the ‘outside ‘ and ‘inside ‘ resulting in plenty of access to the natural elements- the tropical sun, ocean breeze, lush greenery and flowing water.

Heritance Kandalama:
A minimalist, eco friendly hotel situated in the cultural Triangle in the North Central Province, was designed by Bawa in 1994. Heritance Kandalama is an architectural masterpiece. Bawa conceived this hotel as an austere jungle place. The minimalist interiors and the building itself are cleverly designed to blend into the landscape without interfering with the tranquil natural evolution of its surroundings.Bawa has allowed for magnificent views of the ancient Sigiriya Rock , the surrounding mountains and the Kandalama Tank( reservoir). Hidden within the edge of the jungle- which is home to numerous species of birds, monkeys, spotted deer and wild boar, the hotel has won numerous prestigious environmental awards for its role in nurturing Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage and natural beauty.

Lighthouse Hotel:
Situated just before Galle town on the south coast, Lighthouse Hotel is located on a rocky headland overlooking the Indian Ocean. This magnificent boutique hotel conveys an immediate sense of Galle’s history . The Portuguese landing at Galle is re-enacted in brass and bronze on the impressive main staircase and an ambitious batik of ancient coats of arms fills the ceiling of the restful main bar . The hotel design demonstrates Bawa’ Skill at integrating architecture and landscape.

The Last House:
So- called because it was Geoffrey Bawa’s architectural Swansong , is positioned on an idyllic strip of land lagoon on one side, beach on the other on the outskirts of Tangalle in the Deep South. Large open spaces, courtyards, and verandas lets you relax and take in this tropical oasis. As one would expect from Sri Lanka’s most respected architect , a man that mixed Sri Lanka’s rich cultural past with a clean modernity the Last House is very special.

Public buildings designed by Bawa:

Matara’s Ruhuna University-
An inspiring creation by Bawa for the younger generation of Sri Lanka , the Ruhuna University enabled Bawa to explore his style of landscape. Built between two hills , this university campus consists of pavilions and courtyards with breathtaking ocean views.

Parliament of Sri Lanka-
Sri Lanka’s Parliament building is Kotte, which the President at the time commissioned Bawa to design in 1979, was created in the center of a vast man made lake. The building incorporates traditional Sri Lankan and South Indian architecture features with a series of pavilions with copper roofs.